8. Condition

Operating System Tutorial

Operating System (OS) एक software होता है जो computer के hardware और software resources को manage और handle करता है।

  • Computer के resources जैसे CPU, memory, files को manage करता है
  • User और hardware के बीच interface का काम करता है
  • Core functions जैसे process management, memory management, file management perform करता है
  • System resources को government के अलग-अलग departments की तरह organize करता है

Examples (उदाहरण):
Linux, Unix, Windows 11, MS-DOS, Android, macOS, iOS

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Basics (मूल बातें)
यह section Operating System के basic concepts को introduce करता है।

  • Introduction (परिचय)
  • Types of OS (OS के प्रकार)
  • Kernel in OS (OS में kernel)
  • System Call (system call)
  • System Initialization (system initialization)

Process Scheduling (प्रोसेस शेड्यूलिंग)

यह section process management और scheduling पर focus करता है।

  • Process Introduction (प्रोसेस परिचय)
  • Process Control Block (PCB)
  • Process Table (प्रोसेस टेबल)
  • Process Management Introduction (प्रोसेस मैनेजमेंट)
  • Process States (प्रोसेस की अवस्थाएं)
  • Process Scheduler (प्रोसेस scheduler)
  • CPU Scheduling Algorithms (CPU scheduling algorithms)
  • Preemptive vs Non-Preemptive
  • Dispatcher vs Scheduler
  • Starvation and Aging
  • Quiz: CPU Scheduling

Process Synchronization (प्रोसेस सिंक्रोनाइजेशन)

यह section synchronization और IPC concepts को cover करता है।

  • Inter Process Communication (IPC)
  • Process Synchronization
  • Race Condition
  • Critical Section
  • Solutions to Synchronization Problems
  • Peterson’s Algorithm
  • Dekker’s Algorithm
  • Bakery Algorithm
  • Hardware Based Solutions
  • Semaphores
  • Mutex vs Semaphore
  • Monitors
  • Priority Inversion
  • Classical IPC Problems
  • Quiz: Process Synchronization

Deadlock (डेडलॉक)

यह section OS में deadlock को explain करता है।

  • Introduction (परिचय)
  • Deadlock Handling
  • Deadlock Prevention
  • Banker’s Algorithm (Deadlock Avoidance)
  • Detection and Recovery
  • Starvation और Livelock
  • Resource Allocation Graph (RAG)
  • Methods of Resource Allocation
  • Deadlock-free condition program
  • Quiz: Deadlock

Multithreading (मल्टीथ्रेडिंग)

यह section multithreading concepts को समझाता है।

  • Thread in Operating System
  • User Level vs Kernel Level Threads
  • Process-based vs Thread-based Multitasking
  • Multithreading Models
  • Benefits of Multithreading
  • Quiz: Multithreading

Memory Management (मेमोरी मैनेजमेंट)

1. Basics (मूल बातें)

  • Memory introduction और units
  • Memory Management in OS
  • Logical vs Physical Address

2. Contiguous Allocation

  • Implementation of Contiguous Memory
  • Internal Fragmentation
  • External Fragmentation
  • Next Fit Algorithm
  • Buddy System

3. Non-Contiguous Allocation

  • Paging
  • Page Table Entries
  • Segmentation
  • Segmentation with Paging

4. Advanced Concepts

  • Overlays
  • Virtual Memory
  • Demand Paging
  • Page Fault Handling
  • Swap Space

5. Page Replacement & Thrashing

  • Page Replacement Algorithms
  • Belady’s Anomaly
  • Second Chance Algorithm
  • Thrashing Handling Techniques
  • Working Set

6. Kernel & System Concepts

  • Kernel Memory Allocation
  • Memory Interleaving
  • Virtualization
  • Quiz: Memory Management

Disk Management (डिस्क मैनेजमेंट)

यह section disk और file management को explain करता है।

  • File Systems
  • Unix File System
  • File Directory & Path Name
  • Directory Structure
  • File Allocation Methods
  • File Access Methods
  • Secondary Memory
  • Hard Disk Drive
  • Disk Scheduling Algorithms
  • SSTF Algorithm Program
  • Spooling क्या है
  • Spooling vs Buffering
  • Free Space Management
  • Quiz: Input Output Systems