Chapter:-3 (Hindi)

5. Relational Calculus

📐 Relational Calculus

Relational Calculus एक non-procedural query language है।
यह बताती है क्या data चाहिए, न कि कैसे।

Types:

1. Tuple Relational Calculus (TRC)
2. Domain Relational Calculus (DRC)

✅ Advantages of Relational Calculus

• SQL का theoretical base
• High level abstraction
• DBMS खुद query optimize करता है

❌ Disadvantages of Relational Calculus

• Beginners के लिए कठिन
• Directly DBMS में use नहीं होता
• Complex expressions समझना मुश्किल

🗂 Advantages of DBMS

• Data redundancy कम
• Data consistency बनी रहती है
• Security, Backup, Recovery available
• Multi-user access support

⚠️ Disadvantages of DBMS

• High cost
• Complex system
• High resource usage
• Central failure का risk