8. Condition

Operating System Tutorial

Operating System (OS) एक software होता है जो computer के hardware और software resources को manage और handle करता है।

• Computer के resources जैसे CPU, memory, files को manage करता है
• User और hardware के बीच interface का काम करता है
• Core functions जैसे process management, memory management, file management perform करता है
• System resources को government के अलग-अलग departments की तरह organize करता है

Examples (उदाहरण):
Linux, Unix, Windows 11, MS-DOS, Android, macOS, iOS

Basics (मूल बातें)
यह section Operating System के basic concepts को introduce करता है।

• Introduction (परिचय)
• Types of OS (OS के प्रकार)
• Kernel in OS (OS में kernel)
• System Call (system call)
• System Initialization (system initialization)

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Process Scheduling (प्रोसेस शेड्यूलिंग)

यह section process management और scheduling पर focus करता है।

• Process Introduction (प्रोसेस परिचय)
• Process Control Block (PCB)
• Process Table (प्रोसेस टेबल)
• Process Management Introduction (प्रोसेस मैनेजमेंट)
• Process States (प्रोसेस की अवस्थाएं)
• Process Scheduler (प्रोसेस scheduler)
• CPU Scheduling Algorithms (CPU scheduling algorithms)
• Preemptive vs Non-Preemptive
• Dispatcher vs Scheduler
• Starvation and Aging
• Quiz: CPU Scheduling

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Process Synchronization (प्रोसेस सिंक्रोनाइजेशन)

यह section synchronization और IPC concepts को cover करता है।

• Inter Process Communication (IPC)
• Process Synchronization
• Race Condition
• Critical Section
• Solutions to Synchronization Problems
• Peterson’s Algorithm
• Dekker’s Algorithm
• Bakery Algorithm
• Hardware Based Solutions
• Semaphores
• Mutex vs Semaphore
• Monitors
• Priority Inversion
• Classical IPC Problems
• Quiz: Process Synchronization

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Deadlock (डेडलॉक)

यह section OS में deadlock को explain करता है।

• Introduction (परिचय)
• Deadlock Handling
• Deadlock Prevention
• Banker’s Algorithm (Deadlock Avoidance)
• Detection and Recovery
• Starvation और Livelock
• Resource Allocation Graph (RAG)
• Methods of Resource Allocation
• Deadlock-free condition program
• Quiz: Deadlock

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Multithreading (मल्टीथ्रेडिंग)

यह section multithreading concepts को समझाता है।

• Thread in Operating System
• User Level vs Kernel Level Threads
• Process-based vs Thread-based Multitasking
• Multithreading Models
• Benefits of Multithreading
• Quiz: Multithreading

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Memory Management (मेमोरी मैनेजमेंट)

1. Basics (मूल बातें)

• Memory introduction और units
• Memory Management in OS
• Logical vs Physical Address

2. Contiguous Allocation

• Implementation of Contiguous Memory
• Internal Fragmentation
• External Fragmentation
• Next Fit Algorithm
• Buddy System

3. Non-Contiguous Allocation

• Paging
• Page Table Entries
• Segmentation
• Segmentation with Paging

4. Advanced Concepts

• Overlays
• Virtual Memory
• Demand Paging
• Page Fault Handling
• Swap Space

5. Page Replacement & Thrashing

• Page Replacement Algorithms
• Belady’s Anomaly
• Second Chance Algorithm
• Thrashing Handling Techniques
• Working Set

6. Kernel & System Concepts

• Kernel Memory Allocation
• Memory Interleaving
• Virtualization
• Quiz: Memory Management

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Disk Management (डिस्क मैनेजमेंट)

यह section disk और file management को explain करता है।

• File Systems
• Unix File System
• File Directory & Path Name
• Directory Structure
• File Allocation Methods
• File Access Methods
• Secondary Memory
• Hard Disk Drive
• Disk Scheduling Algorithms
• SSTF Algorithm Program
• Spooling क्या है
• Spooling vs Buffering
• Free Space Management
• Quiz: Input Output Systems